Saturday, May 9, 2015

It's been a year and a half since I last posted, thanks to school and long commutes, but in that time I've read many excellent books and gotten into university! I'll be attending Scripps College in the fall, and am thrilled to be joining such a supportive, literary environment. Given that finals are approaching at the fast rate of Monday, I'll post a list of must-reads to stock up on before the regular book analyses resume.


  • Z: A Novel of Zelda Fitzgerald, by Therese Anne Fowler (Historical fiction, biographical, amazing period narration. Will induce literary delight into any reader.) Pairs excellently with
  • The Paris Wife, by Paula McLain (Historical fiction, biographical, literary, drama.)
  • My Name Is Asher Lev, by Chaim Potok (Historical fiction, art, family, Judaism. Considered the best portrayal of childhood depression.)
  • Breakfast at Tiffany's, by Truman Capote (Classic, New York, short story, drama.) Far better than the movie!
  • The Acts of King Arthur and His Noble Knights, by John Steinbeck (Classic adaption, fantasy, historical.) Excellent translation of Malory's Middle English version of King Arthur, this version in Steinbeck's distinct style is an amazing read.

I'd like to take a minute to unaffiliatedly promote the Goodreads app. I'm sure many of you know and love Goodreads, but you should consider checking out the app. They have an excellent book-scanning feature that allows you to easily add books to your library or check reviews in your local library or bookstore, as well as streamlined features of the beloved website. Find it on the app store. 

Happy reading--stay posted for full-length reviews!

M. Gabrielle

Monday, September 9, 2013

Friday Spines: Two Year Anniversary!



I've just realized that today is the two-year anniversary of the first review on Friday Spines! 40 reviews, 2,179 page views, a few wonderful comments, and hundreds (thousands?) of lovely readers later, Friday Spines is still alive and bookish (in the best way, I hope). I'd love to hear thoughts from any and all of you on your favorite books, writings about books, books about writings, and comments relating (however slightly) to the world of literature. Thoughts on this blog are also welcomed. 

Thank you for two wonderful years, and as always, happy reading!

M. Gabrielle

Friday, August 30, 2013

Irrelevant Literary Musings: Essay




Dearest readers: While I'm at school, here are musings on one of my favorite books, The House of the Spirits.



Isabel Allende's The House of the Spirits is a charged novel containing political commentary as well as themes of family, prophecy and spirituality, and love. Spirits is an immensely but not overly complex novel following four generations of a family, beginning with the children of Nivea and Severo del Valle and concluding with the pregnancy of their great-granddaughter Blanca. The many themes in the book all have an overarching circular feeling, following a natural cycle of life or karma. This is acknowledged in the closing of the book, as our narrator is revealed to be Alba, compiling her family’s story through meticulous journals of her grandmother Clara. Alba, at least a generation removed from many of the beginnings of the events influencing the course of her family history, is able to make many connections between the actions of her grandfather and things that happened to her. She lets go of the desire for vengeance after recognizing the outcomes of many previous instances of revenge, and how these generations-old dynamics manifested toxicity affecting even her generation. The recurring themes of family and romantic love, political divides, and foresight give Spirits a broader sense of natural cycles. This, combined with Allende’s use of magical realism, ties the themes together by mirroring the dynamic of the interconnected family, using the overlying feeling of community to connect the underlying story with her commentary.


The large family of Spirits, beginning with the del Valle parents and grandparents and going down to Blanca, is full of multilayer, constantly shifting relationships. We meet Nivea's mother Nana, who outlives her daughter and son-in-law; Nivea’s daughters Rosa the beautiful and Clara; Clara’s husband Esteban Trueba; and their daughter Blanca and twin boys, Nicolás and Jaime. Both Jaime and Nicolás experience tremendous crushes on Amanda, and later Blanca’s daughter Alba falls in love with Amanda’s little brother Miguel. Esteban Trueba, the main patriarch, is portrayed in a harsh light through much of the story, although there are first-person paragraphs from his perspective interspersed with the mainly close-third-person narrative. Various members of the family clash on every imaginable issue; Esteban is very conservative politically and socially, while Blanca, Miguel, and Alba especially are much more liberal. Clara is very passive for much of the story, preferring to spend her time in the spirit world and remains completely oblivious to many of the events in her family. She predicts many of the significant events in the family history, as well as earthquakes, accidents, and other natural disasters. Both Blanca and Alba are rebellious in their youth, willing to sacrifice their relationships with their family for their lovers. Nicolás and Jaime’s relationship varies over the course of the story, due to their at times conflicting personalities and the incompatibility of their love for the same woman.


The romantic relationships of Spirits are often tangled with those of the other characters. When Esteban Trueba enters the story, it is as the owner of a coal mine, writing letters to his faraway fianceé Rosa the beautiful, whose character is never fully developed. Esteban is full of loneliness for Rosa, who he cannot fully communicate with from a distance, and who he’s barely seen in person. He puts all his energy into working so he’ll be able to marry her. Soon, Clara foresees Rosa’s accidental death, and although her prophecy isn’t taken seriously by her family, Rosa dies soon after from poison meant for her father. Esteban Trueba is overwhelmed by his anger at the loss of his beautiful bride, who he never had a chance to build a life with. When Clara breaks a period of silence to announce that she’s about to be married, her family focuses on her speech and completely forgets her words, so everyone except Clara is taken by surprise when Esteban comes to ask for her hand in marriage. “‘I'm going to be married soon,’ she said. ‘To whom?’ Severo asked. ‘To Rosa's fiance,’ Clara replied. Only then did they realize she had spoken for the first time in all those years” (99).  Later in the story we read the long romance between Blanca (Clara’s daughter) and Pedro Garcia, which lasts from childhood until the end of the book, with few interruptions. Their relationship is complicated by Esteban’s hatred of Pedro, as well as Esteban’s bastard son, taught by his unacknowledging father also to hate the couple’s union. The circular complexity in Spirits influences the romances of its characters, creating a web of relationships influenced by innumerable lives.


The characters’ relationships are crafted with slightly more complexity than is realistic. Esteban Trueba’s sporadic but lifelong relationship with Transito Soto, a prostitute and businesswoman, begins shortly after Rosa’s death when Esteban visits the brothel where Transito works. She tells him about her dreams for her future, and he agrees to lend her fifty pesos, which can buy her “everything [she] need[s] to start” (69). She agrees to pay him back someday, “with interest” (69). The next few times they meet, years later, Transito has significantly improved her position in life; she offers to repay the money, but he refuses, preferring instead to have a favor owed to him. When Alba becomes involved in Miguel’s political activism and is captured by Esteban’s illegitimate son, Esteban discovers that Transito has an influential enough position that she has connections in the government. Transito agrees to help Alba to freedom, repaying Esteban’s years-old kindness. While this and other constantly evolving relationships in Spirits are somewhat implausible upon close scrutiny, they fit well with Clara’s otherworldly sense of life. After Clara dies, she returns to her family’s home to offer support and communication through their period of grief and her presence remains in the story through the end of the book.  The numerous instances of reconnecting with acquaintances years after a first meeting, the presence of so many circles of events, and Clara’s foresight and prophecies add to the sense of spirituality and magical realism in the book.


The interconnected events, characters, and themes in Spirits are connected throughout the story with limitless layers of complexity. Many of these are tied together at the end of the book, as Alba is writing a narrative of her family’s history, illuminated with her open-minded consciousness of events in her world, and willingness to break out of patterns set by previous generations. Alba is taken prisoner after a tangled political revolution, in which her boyfriend Miguel--the younger brother of her uncles’ Amanda--is involved. Esteban Trueba and his illegitimate son Esteban Garcia, born after he raped a young peasant woman early in the story, are both on the other political side than Miguel and Alba; after Esteban Garcia discovers that his organization is holding Alba captive, he completes the cycle his father began by abusing Alba. There are many instances of long term or multi-generational cycles; debts incurred to a father are paid to his granddaughter, and money lent to a young woman is paid back in kindness at the end of her life. All of the themes of Spirits follow the same circular pattern of eventual repayment, for both positive or negative events, days or decades later.

The women in the family of Spirits have very distinct personalities, roles, and experiences. While they’re part of a close, connected family, Nivea, Alba, Clara and Blanca remain distinct characters with little resemblance. Their names, however, are closely related: Blanca translates to white, Clara to clear, Nivea to snowy, and Alba to dawn. This is addressed in the story by Blanca, when Alba is born; trying to carry on the pattern of names, she wants to name her daughter after Clara, but is convinced that it’s better to give her daughter a synonymous name than reuse Clara’s. The emotional closeness of the four generations of women to each other is reflected by their names, but not overdone with similar personalities or lives. All four have incredibly different relationships with their mothers and daughters as well as other important figures in each of their lives, and each reacts in her own way to changes experienced in the story of Spirits. The importance of Clara’s clairvoyance, which largely shapes the course of the book, and the relationships between mother and daughter are reflected in Allende’s choice of names for her female characters.


Let me know your thoughts on essay-posting, The House of the Spirits, magical realism, and other books you'd like to see reviewed in the future!

Happy reading!
M. Gabrielle

Sunday, August 25, 2013

Author update

Dear readers,
I'd like to address the recent lack of posts on Friday Spines. In January I started part-time at a high school a few hours away to catch up on classes over the summer. Between the beginning-of-year camping trip (interrupted by the Yosemite Rim Fire) and preparing for school starting (tomorrow!) I've had very little time to post about the books I've been reading over the summer. (The majority of them have been textbooks or school-related.)

Friday Spines is unfortunately no longer a weekly blog--depending on the homework and the commute (around 90 minutes) this fall, I'm hoping to post reviews bi-monthly and book recommendations or other updates at least weekly. Let me know your thoughts on your favorite summer reading, releases you're excited for this fall, or old favorites you rediscovered at the back of your bookshelf.

I read Ex Libris, by Anne Fadiman, while I was camping in July and it nudged its way onto my favorites shelf--look for the review this Friday. In the meantime, I'll be publishing a list of books I'm most exited to read shortly.

Happy reading!
M. Gabrielle

Friday, July 5, 2013

Sylvia Plath: The Bell Jar and Wintering


Friday Spines Double Book Review: 


Wintering, by Kate Moses
The Bell Jar, by Sylvia Plath
















Among Sylvia Plath's poetry, short and long stories, and children's books, her novel The Bell Jar is the best known. It reads as a semi-autobiographical narrative, entwining aspects of Plath's experiences with bits of fantasy. Kate Moses' Wintering, marketed as a "novel of Sylvia Plath", compliments The Bell Jar with the literary equivalent of a dramatized biographical documentary. For those new to Plath's writing, I recommend reading Wintering and then venturing on to The Bell Jar if you're so inclined.

Moses' innovative use of the loosely biographical novel avoids the dreaded attention-seeking feel of much writing marketed as "modern" or "new". There are two narratives, both close third person, which follow Plath and her two children (and occasionally her separated husband) through their move from the English countryside back to London, and through Plath's psychological struggles. One of the narratives takes place a few years before the other, and the chapters--spaced a few months apart--can be hard to follow if you don't pay close attention to the dates. 

The novel opens with the chapter heading "Morning Song"; December 12, 1962; 5:30 AM; London. "Morning Song" is the first poem in Plath's collection of poems Ariel, and Moses uses the title of each poem as her chapter titles. 
In Wintering, the author uses the double narrative of past and present to recreate Plath's past and keep it relevant with the tumultuous events in her present, after she separated from her husband and moved to London with her two small children. The present narrative focuses on the creative and maternal aspects of Plath's life as well as her depression, deftly bridging the gap between reader and subject as the story develops. After her suicide, the novel explores her husband Ted Hughes' response to her death as well as his posthumous handling of her writing, providing sensitive commentary that's even more indicative of their relationship than the dynamic between the two while Plath was alive.  

Wintering follows the stress and instability surrounding suicide in a way that's accessible to the reader, using a writing style that excellently compliments Plath's own voice. Moses sensitively portrays the much-explored anguish of the writer through a new angle; her deftly written description creates a vivid portrayal of Plath's life and the people surrounding her, giving readers an sense of intimate emotional connection with the characters.


Originally published under Plath's pseudonym Victoria Lucas, The Bell Jar follows Esther, a young woman visiting New York on a writing-related internship. The novel is in close first person, describing Esther's external experiences as well as her reactions and musings. For the first part of the book, we follow the progression of gatherings, dinner parties, and dances; we become familiar with Esther's personality through her relationships to the other characters in the story. She often emulates other girls at the program, from the sarcastic and uninhibited Doreen to the mild, Pollyanna-esque Betsy, and through the contrast in the personalities she explores we get a sense of her emotional uncertainty and confusion. After the program ends and she returns home to the Boston suburbs, her instability is amplified by her boredom and lack of stimulation; a bell jar of listlessness descends on Esther, who's portrayed helplessly through the onset of her depression. The focus on the role of women, explored through focus on the female characters, is further discussed in the contrast between Esther's two psychotherapists, the male Doctor Gordon and female Doctor Nolan. After a traumatic experience with shock treatments, Esther is checked into a mental hospital, where she's put under the care of Doctor Nolan. The new doctor focuses on building a secure relationship with Esther, emphasizing communication and promising Esther that she'll know about her treatments ahead of time. Esther spends some time at the hospital, learning to be more at peace with herself as different treatments help to lift her depression. The end of the story is more ambiguous than a stereotypical happy ending, leaving the final tone of the book to the reader's discrepancy.


The two books are similar in voice; although Wintering is more dense and obviously descriptive than The Bell Jar, there are parallels between Esther and Plath's personality that are beautifully explored between the two stories. Both deal with depression, mental stability, and self-perception, and the characters have startlingly modern outlooks on life when compared to other women of their time period. I'd recommend both books for ages 15 and up--there are darker themes as well as complex language, and even older readers may need to take a break from the stories.

Other books you might enjoy: Wintergirls, by Laurie Halse Anderson; Paper Towns and Looking for Alaska, by John Green; and Romancing Miss Bronte, by Juliet Gael.

Happy Reading!

M Gabrielle

Friday, June 28, 2013

Irrelevant Literary Musings: On "A Vindication of Love"


Unelegy of Romance:


On  

M. Gabrielle

Romance is dead, proclaims Cristina Nehring in her vindication of love. We have killed it, with our online dating sites and ever-available sexual partners, with our open relationships and acknowledgement of affairs, with our philosophy that, with the exception of sacred, heterosexual marriage, commitment is outdated and pointless. The constant tension between chivalry and so-called feminism is ever-present in relationships, when paying for the check after the date, and the moment when she expects him to open the door for her instead of barging ahead. Flowers are often deemed too expensive; why buy your wife flowers on your anniversary and make extra work (finding a vase, keeping the stems trimmed, tolerating increased allergies around the damn roses) when you could simply post a virtual bouquet on her Facebook timeline? Romance is indeed dead.
Nehring helpfully supplies a cure to this most dire of cultural ailments: Tailor your life to follow the Scarlett O’Hara model. Marry and remarry unexciting men for wealth and security, but make sure to pine after an uncatchable and dashing Ashley Wilkes. Run into Rhett Butler every once in a while just so the passion between you is  kept smouldering, ready to rekindle your nearly-defeated spirit at a moment’s notice. Never allow yourself to have security with the man you want, for as Gone With The Wind becomes vague and colourless after Scarlett marries her forbidden Rhett, your life will lose all purpose and excitement if you can count on keeping your man.
Just as it’s happiness that kills a love story--whoever heard of Cinderella after her happy ever after?--it’s distance that revives one. Distance has many benefits in the context of a relationship. You are not constantly exposed to your partner’s flaws when in close quarters all the time, you don’t grow complacent when the only hinderance to your heart’s greatest desire is the few inches of bed between you, and you’ll never feel stifled if you only have hours at a time together.
Whether it be physical distance between you and your globe-wandering lover; financial or status distance; or emotional distance; it will make the heart grow fonder. Examples of this mind-blowingly cliché piece of advice: Tristan and Iseult, who went out of their way to place as many obstacles between them when Iseult’s (probably) gay husband Mark refused to make life difficult. They took huge risks not only in their relationship, with Tristan constantly sneaking into Iseult’s bed under Mark’s nose, but Iseult also sent Tristan on near-impossible, very possibly deadly quests for her. With him far away on errands for her, his fair queen, Iseult, could pine for her lover without being interrupted by mundane day-to-day bickering, reiterating that couples are happier with space between them.
Another part of the egalitarian disease slowly killing romance us has to do with status. In America we’ve embraced the idea that anyone can achieve any position, whether it be supreme ruler of the country (elected by a majority) or CEO of a multi-billion dollar company (just Kickstart your idea). The illicit--but conversely much-traversed--path of empresses and slaves or successful businessmen with starving but brilliant artists as their lover-muses has been almost completely swallowed up by the forest of couples on equal levels, who are working in similar jobs at the same level, both finishing college and looking for work and affordable apartments to share, or even world-famous actors and actresses with their flock of adopted children. With the breaking of barriers of rank and social position we’ve erased yet another path to a potentially glorious love affair, demoting it to the status of a carefully labeled, egalitarian relationship.
Then there is the double standard of commitment, or lack thereof: While marriage is still considered to be an absolute commitment by many, till death do them part, affairs and divorce are commonplace, and have become almost a commodity as public entertainment. This curious paradox is little explored or questioned in modern society, as the ages and definitions of acceptable relationships grow even as other, “healthier” ones (think Scarlett, Rhett and Ashley) are tabooed. First boyfriends are had at 8 instead of 16, virginity is an increasingly controversial commodity, and respect for relationships is scant. The often religious backlash against the growing romantic freedom of especially women and those with same-sex partners, whether they be conducted for one night in a bar or for a lifetime in a picket-fenced home, is gaining increased media attention for its old-fashioned ridiculability.
Although the seemingly obvious solution for such troubled, commitment-hungry and -phobic extremes--so-called open marriages--is still shunned, the idea is by no means new. Amelia Earhart, most famous for disappearing over the Pacific with an alcoholic navigator and without crucial navigation equipment, had a fascinating private romantic life usually referred to as “modern”. “Modern” in the sense of what is essentially an open marriage with specific guidelines for the maintenance of the happiness of Earhart, whom it is difficult to not think of as a depression-prone, commitment-shy bird in her metaphor: “I cannot guarantee to endure at all times the confinement of even an attractive cage.” Nehring’s remedy: Marry someone else, as Earhart’s potential husband had already done, and conduct numerous extramarital affairs with Putnam and other handsome young men.
Instead, Earhart took the opposite approach and married George Putnam, taking down the boundary between them, and therefore erasing the possibility of satisfaction and happiness that could have thrived in a more perilous relationship. Although she’d given in to conventional standard on the marriage front, Earhart had less-common guidelines for her union with Putnam, which she communicated to him in a letter after he proposed to her for the sixth time.
“Dear GPP
There are some things which should be writ before we are married -- things we have talked over before -- most of them.
You must know again my reluctance to marry, my feeling that I shatter thereby chances in work which means most to me. I feel the move just now as foolish as anything I could do.  I know there may be compensations but have no heart to look ahead.
On our life together I want you to understand I shall not hold you to any midaevil [sic] code of faithfulness to me nor shall I consider myself bound to you similarly. If we can be honest I think the difficulties which arise may best be avoided should you or I become interested deeply or in passing) in anyone else.
Please let us not interfere with the others’ work or play, nor let the world see our private joys or disagreements. In this connection I may have to keep some place where I can go to be myself, now and then, for I cannot guarantee to endure at all the times the confinement of even an attractive cage.
I must exact a cruel promise and that is you will let me go in a year if we find no happiness together.
I will try to do my best in every way and give you that part of me you know and seem to want.
A.E.”
Although she and George Putnam were technically married, many would say that Earhart had negated the spirit of the ideal Frida Kahlo, another example of a modern thinker in relationships whose life is more in line with Nehring’s philosophy, did make the mistake of marrying twice. (The severity of this error is dimmed somewhat by the fact that both times it was to the same man, Diego Rivera.) Her turbulent artist’s life was scattered with passionate, tumultuous flings with both men and women, pain due to heartbreak and physical difficulties, and well-justified angst. Frida and Diego met when she was still in high school; she asked him for advice on her art, and he declared that she had talent. A few years later, when she was 22 and he 42, they were married for the first time.
“Needless to say, theirs was an unconventional and problematic, if passionate union...” Frida and Diego’s relationship was supplemented by affairs on both sides, including Frida’s passionate flings and relationships with Josephine Baker, Isamu Noguchi and Leon Trotsky. According to Nehring’s philosophy, the fact that their “union” was unconventional and problematic was not a curious addition the passion between them, but the very reason that their first marriage was not their last. Had they both been 32 with solid resumées, secure jobs as accountants, and no desire to stray from their egalitarian marriage, not only would they have been forgotten as soon as the marriage certificate was filed, but they would have been one of the many couples responsible for the death of romance.
Due to the saturation of our society with technology that demands constant communication, accessibility to nearly any point ot the planet at short notice, and the diminished acknowledgement of social and financial gaps between partners, it’s increasingly hard to find “true” happiness in any conventional relationship. The excitement in crossing boundaries and overcoming obstacles to be with a lover is dimmed, deemed taboo in most parts of society, and grown nearly obsolete. Our advice: Ditch the books on pleasing your husband (or wife) and find yourself a Scarlett O’Hara.

Christina Nehring, author of A Vindication of Love, is unmarried herself, apparently undecided on whether or not to take her own advice or go a more traditional path (which she’s since said she’s not advocating against, just pointing out the numerous reasons why other routes are more beneficial to individuals, collective relationships, and the health of romance on the whole). Nehring, a “consistently provocative” critic and prodigious writer, lives with her daughter Eurydice sometimes in Greece, sometimes Paris, and the rest of the time in the capital of healthy relationships, Los Angeles.